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          <h2 id="OSI，TCP-IP，五层协议的体系结构，以及各层协议"><a href="#OSI，TCP-IP，五层协议的体系结构，以及各层协议" class="headerlink" title="OSI，TCP/IP，五层协议的体系结构，以及各层协议"></a>OSI，TCP/IP，五层协议的体系结构，以及各层协议</h2><p><strong>OSI 分层 （7 层）：</strong>物理层、数据链路层、网络层、传输层、会话层、表示层、应用层。</p>
<p><strong>TCP/IP 分层（4 层）：</strong>网络接口层、 网际层、运输层、 应用层。 </p>
<p><strong>五层协议（5 层）：</strong>物理层、数据链路层、网络层、运输层、 应用层。 </p>
<p><strong>每一层的协议如下：</strong></p>
<ul>
<li>物理层：RJ45、CLOCK、IEEE802.3    （中继器，集线器，网关） </li>
<li>数据链路：PPP、FR、HDLC、VLAN、MAC  （网桥，交换机） </li>
<li>网络层：IP、ICMP、ARP、RARP、OSPF、IPX、RIP、IGRP、 （路由器） </li>
<li>传输层：TCP、UDP、SPX </li>
<li>会话层：NFS、SQL、NETBIOS、RPC </li>
<li>表示层：JPEG、MPEG、ASII </li>
<li>应用层：FTP、DNS、Telnet、SMTP、HTTP、WWW、NFS </li>
</ul>
<p><strong>每一层的作用如下：</strong></p>
<ul>
<li><strong>物理层：</strong>通过媒介传输比特, 确定机械及电气规范（比特 Bit）  </li>
<li><strong>数据链路层</strong>：将比特组装成帧和点到点的传递（帧 Frame）  </li>
<li><strong>网络层</strong>：负责数据包从源到宿的传递和网际互连（包 PackeT）  </li>
<li><strong>传输层</strong>：提供端到端的可靠报文传递和错误恢复（段 Segment）  </li>
<li><strong>会话层</strong>：建立、管理和终止会话（会话协议数据单元 SPDU）  </li>
<li><strong>表示层</strong>：对数据进行翻译、加密和压缩（表示协议数据单元 PPDU）  </li>
<li><strong>应用层</strong>：允许访问 OSI 环境的手段（应用协议数据单元 APDU）  </li>
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                  常见排序算法
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          <p><strong>时间复杂度为O(n2)  空间复杂度O(1)</strong></p>
<ul>
<li><p>冒泡排序</p>
<p>（在0~N-1的序列上相邻两个元素比较大小，大的在后，小的在前，一趟下来，最大值放在位置N-1上，在0~N-2的序列上….）</p>
</li>
<li><p>选择排序</p>
<p>（在0~N-1的序列中选择最小值放在位置0上，在1~N-1上选择最小的值放在位置1上….）</p>
</li>
<li><p>插入排序</p>
<p>（位置0上的数与位置1上的数 进行比较 大的在后；位置2上的数记为a，与位置1上数进行比较，小的话，交换；再与位置0上数比较；接下来，位置K上的数，记为b，b依次与前面的数进行比较，如果小的话就交换；直到执行到位置为N-1的位置上的数，整个序列就有序了）</p>
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          <h2 id="操作系统常考基础点"><a href="#操作系统常考基础点" class="headerlink" title="操作系统常考基础点"></a>操作系统常考基础点</h2><h4 id="什么是进程（Process）和线程（Thread）？有何区别？"><a href="#什么是进程（Process）和线程（Thread）？有何区别？" class="headerlink" title="什么是进程（Process）和线程（Thread）？有何区别？"></a>什么是进程（Process）和线程（Thread）？有何区别？</h4><p>　　进程是具有一定独立功能的程序关于某个数据集合上的一次运行活动，进程是系统进行资源分配和调度的一个独立单位。线程是进程的一个实体，是 CPU 调度和分派的基本单位，它是比进程更小的能独立运行的基本单位。线程自己基本上不拥有系统资源，只拥有一点在运行中必不可少的资源（如程序计数器，一组寄存器和栈），但是它可与同属一个进程的其他的线程共享进程所拥有的全部资源。一个线程可以创建和撤销另一个线程，同一个进程中的多个线程之间可以并发执行。</p>
<p>　　进程与应用程序的区别在于应用程序作为一个静态文件存储在计算机系统的硬盘等存储空间中，而进程则是处于动态条件下由<a href="http://www.51testing.com/html/09/n-822009.html" target="_blank" rel="external">操作系统</a>维护的系统资源管理实体。</p>
<h5 id="程序和进程"><a href="#程序和进程" class="headerlink" title="程序和进程"></a>程序和进程</h5><p>　　进程由两个部分组成：1）<a href="http://www.51testing.com/html/09/n-822109.html" target="_blank" rel="external">操作系统</a>用来管理进程的内核对象。内核对象也是系统用来存放关于进程的统计信息的地方。2）地址空间。它包含所有可执行模块或 DLL 模块的代码和数据。它还包含动态内存分配的空间。如线程堆栈和堆分配空间。</p>
<table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th></th>
<th>定义</th>
<th>使用系统运行资源情况</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>程序</td>
<td>计算机指令的集合，它以文件的形式存储在磁盘上。程序是静态实体（passive Entity），在多道程序系统中，它是不能独立运行的，更不能与其他程序并发执行。</td>
<td>不使用【程序不能申请系统资源，不能被系统调度，也不能作为独立运行的单位，因此，它不占用系统的运行资源】。</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>进程</td>
<td>通常被定义为一个正在运行的程序的实例，是一个程序在其自身的地址空间中的一次执行活动。定义：进程是进程实体（包括：程序段、相关的数据段、进程控制块 PCB）的运行过程，是系统进行资源分配和调度的一个独立单位。</td>
<td>使用【进程是资源申请、调度和独立运行的单位，因此，它使用系统中的运行资源。】</td>
</tr>
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          <h2 id="Python虚拟环境的搭建和配置"><a href="#Python虚拟环境的搭建和配置" class="headerlink" title="Python虚拟环境的搭建和配置"></a>Python虚拟环境的搭建和配置</h2><blockquote>
<p>Python易用，但用好却不易，其中比较头疼的就是包管理和Python不同版本的问题，特别是当你使用Windows的时候。为了解决这些问题，有不少发行版的Python，比如WinPython、Anaconda等，这些发行版将python和许多常用的package打包，方便pythoners直接使用，此外，还有virtualenv、pyenv等工具管理虚拟环境。</p>
<p>这篇文章主要就是记录了不使用发行版，和最终使用发行版Anaconda，因为其强大而方便的包管理与环境管理的功能。</p>
</blockquote>
<p><strong>系统环境：</strong></p>
<ul>
<li>Win10</li>
<li>Python 3.6.0</li>
<li>Anaconda3</li>
</ul>
<h2 id="不使用发行版"><a href="#不使用发行版" class="headerlink" title="不使用发行版"></a>不使用发行版</h2><p><strong>借助<code>virtualenvwrapper</code>工具实现虚拟环境</strong></p>
<p>首先，安装：</p>
<figure class="highlight nginx"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><div class="line">1</div></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><div class="line"><span class="attribute">pip</span> install virtualenvwrapper</div></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p><strong>注：</strong> 可以使用豆瓣源<code>https://pypi.douban.com/simple/</code></p>
<p>但是不幸的是，在我的系统上报错了</p>
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          <blockquote>
<h2 id="前言"><a href="#前言" class="headerlink" title="前言"></a>前言</h2><p>阿一古，终究是抓到了学期末的尾巴，</p>
<p>时间越近心越慌，到了大三最后，周围拥有革命友谊的同志们，也各自选择了不知道适不适合自己的道路，</p>
<p>又到了人生分叉路上，不知是不是只有我在路口惶恐不安</p>
</blockquote>
<h2 id="简历错误的打开方式"><a href="#简历错误的打开方式" class="headerlink" title="简历错误的打开方式"></a>简历错误的打开方式</h2><p><strong>使用 PDF 以外的格式</strong>，如 PPT、DOCX、HTML。PDF 是我目前看到兼容性最好的格式，因为你不能保证你花里胡哨的简历在其他人的电脑上打开不会有乱码的问题。要知道 Windows 上写的 TXT 在 Mac OS 上打开都会有编码问题。DOCX 就更不用说了，有些公司标配的 Office 是 LibreOffice 。PPT 和 HTML 就更不想说了，虽然转场很帅，当你考虑过 HR 打开它的心情吗。</p>
<p>还有，</p>
<p>简历的文件命名尽量包含重要信息，突出重点，如：李小明-Android工程师-简历. pdf；</p>
<h2 id="LaTeX-Sublime"><a href="#LaTeX-Sublime" class="headerlink" title="LaTeX + Sublime"></a>LaTeX + Sublime</h2><p><code>LaTeX</code>，是一种基于TEX的排版系统，较多的运用在论文编写排版中，网上有很多介绍，我就不介绍了，</p>
<p>为什么要选择LaTeX，因为我喜欢它的一套简历模版<code>modercv</code>,显示效果是这样：</p>
<ul>
<li><p>casual</p>
<p><img src="http://orj2jcr7i.bkt.clouddn.com/leeifme/blog/techcausl.png" alt="casual"></p>
</li>
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<h2 id="工作区和版本库"><a href="#工作区和版本库" class="headerlink" title="工作区和版本库"></a>工作区和版本库</h2><ul>
<li><p><strong>工作区：</strong></p>
<p>就是你电脑文件夹能看到的目录，就如我创建的test文件夹就是一个工作区</p>
<figure class="highlight"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><div class="line">1</div><div class="line">2</div><div class="line">3</div><div class="line">4</div></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><div class="line">&gt;  leeif@leeif MINGW64 /e/git/test (master)</div><div class="line">&gt;  $ ls</div><div class="line">&gt;  git.txt  index.html  README.md</div><div class="line">&gt;</div></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
</li>
<li><p><strong>版本库(Repository)：</strong></p>
<p>工作区有一个隐藏的目录文件<code>.git</code>，这个虽然在工作区目录下，但不算在工作区，而是<code>Git</code>的版本库。</p>
<p><code>Git</code>的版本库里存了很多东西，其中最重要的就是称为stage（或者叫index）的暂存区，还有Git为我们自动创建的第一个分支<code>master</code>，以及指向<code>master</code>的一个指针叫<code>HEAD</code>。</p>
<p><img src="http://orj2jcr7i.bkt.clouddn.com/%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%E5%8C%BA%E5%92%8C%E7%89%88%E6%9C%AC%E5%BA%93.png" alt="flex-axis"></p>
</li>
</ul>
<p> ​</p>
<p>上一篇讲了我们把文件往Git版本库里添加的时候，是分两步执行的：</p>
<ol>
<li>用<code>git add</code>把文件添加进去，实际上就是把文件修改添加到暂存区；</li>
<li>用<code>git commit</code>提交更改，实际上就是把暂存区的所有内容提交到当前分支。</li>
</ol>
<p>因为我们创建Git版本库时，Git自动为我们创建了唯一一个<code>master</code>分支，所以，现在，<code>git commit</code>就是往<code>master</code>分支上提交更改。</p>
<p>你可以简单理解为，需要提交的文件修改通通放到暂存区，然后，一次性提交暂存区的所有修改。</p>
<p><strong>ok，我们实践一下：</strong></p>
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